A medical device used to look directly into the internal chambers of a human organ is called an endoscope. Endoscope generally consists of camera, cold light source, main engine, display, guide beam and other structures and lenses for different parts. Endoscope through the natural orifice or small incision into the human body, through CCD acquisition and step by step processing in the external display imaging, mostly used for human organs or tissues examination and surgical treatment.
According to its development and imaging structure, it can be roughly divided into three categories: hard tube endoscope, fiber endoscope and electronic endoscope.
Hard tube endoscope
The hard tube endoscope includes three parts: image transmission, illumination and working channel. The image transmission part is composed of objective lens, relay system and eyepiece. The lighting part adopts the method of cold light source with optical fiber penetrating into the territory. The functions of the working channel are air, water and biopsy forceps. Rigid endoscope products include laryngoscope, sinusoscope, cystoscope, hysteroscope, proctoscope, etc.
Laryngoscope, sinusoscope and amnioscope are composed of external lens tube, optical guide beam, endoscopic tube, optical system, mirror body, optical guide beam interface, eye nozzle, eyepiece cover, etc.
Cystoscope consists of optical endoscope, operator, lens sheath, speculum bridge and so on.
The hysteroscope consists of a 22° Angle external mirror tube, an optical guide beam, an endoscopic tube, an optical system, a mirror body, an optical guide beam interface, an eyepiece, an infusion tube, an operating tube, a stopper, and a cervical plug.
The other consists of an endoscope body, an operator and a sheath. Proctoscope is an endoscope with optical system, which is composed of obturator, peephole tube, handle, mirror disc, air injection nozzle, light beam interface, etc.
The other is the endoscope without optical system, only inside and outside peep tube, in the middle is equipped with lighting light beam, with a handle, mirror disk, air injection nozzle, light beam interface, etc
Fiberscope
An endoscope that transmits images and guides light with a fiber beam or transmits images with a CCD is called a fiberscope. Because of its good softness and convenient operation, it has been widely used in medicine. At present, the products include gastroscope, duodenoscope, colonoscope, choledochoscope, colonoscope, bronchoscope, ureteroscope and so on.
Fiber endoscope is generally composed of eyepiece, hand wheel (soft or semi-rigid), clamp mouth, beam guide interface, image guide beam, beam guide, some products also include water (air) hole, obturator, etc.
Electronic endoscope
Electronic endoscope systems generally include endoscopes, image processing devices, endoscopic cold light sources, displays and other auxiliary devices. The light from the cold light source of the endoscope is introduced into the endoscope through the optical guide joint, and illuminates the mucous membrane through the illuminating fiber and the illuminating lens. The image sensor (CCD or CMOS) at the end of the head converts the received mucosal reflected light signal into electrical signal, which is transmitted through the cable to the image processing device. The image processing device receives the image signal from the endoscope and converts it into image signal, which is finally presented on the screen of the monitor.
Endoscopes may come into contact with damaged mucous membranes during use, especially those used for surgery. Once the endoscopes are contaminated with microorganisms, there is a high risk of infection. Users should thoroughly clean and sterilize the endoscopes before and after each use.
